Microbiology is the study and analysis of microorganisms that can be found in cannabis plants and cannabis-derived products. It involves the qualification and identification of various microorganisms, including molds and pathogens, that may contaminate cannabis during cultivation, processing, or storage.

Microorganisms can have both positive and negative effects on cannabis. Beneficial microorganisms, such as certain strains of bacteria or fungi, can contribute to the growth and health of the plants. They can enhance nutrient uptake, improve soil quality, and protect the plant against certain pests or diseases. Some beneficial microorganisms are even used in organic cultivation practices.

However, there is also the potential for harmful microorganisms to contaminate cannabis. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella or E. coli, can cause foodborne illnesses when consumed. Fungal contaminants, such as mold, can produce mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds that pose health risks to humans. These contaminants can affect the safety and quality of cannabis products.